International security in the 21st century Essay

International security in the 21st century - Essay Example Still there are some key objectives which determine the foreign policy of Beijing. Among them we can see the aim to promote Chinese economy to maintain its double annual growth; an effort to separate Taiwan; the wish to increase the international prestige of China and efficiently compete with the supremacy of the USA. To achieve these objectives in recent years China has concluded a number of bilateral partnerships and agreements, joined or increased its activity in numerous international organizations and established a few organizations, which are not participated by the USA. In some points China’s approach in policy has several advantages compared with that of the USA. Beijing provides â€Å"unrestricted† nature for overseas investments and loans, which is very attractive for foreign governments. Large state-owned Chinese companies are so strongly supported by their government that they can even afford small short-term losses in favor of prospective long-term profits (Boxell, 2004). However, there are weak points in China’s approach in comparison with the USA. Due to China’s â€Å"win-win† method dealing first with easy problems and putting off the more complicated ones, its foreign development policy has a much narrower base. China actively gets and develops the international presence, while this brings a lot of unexpected issues, for example, â€Å"it provides many opportunities for international misunderstanding and cultural conflicts† (Ellis, 2004). And lastly, in contrast to the USA, China does not benefit from well-developed private sector. However, it is clear that China’s growing international cooperation not only with undemocratic governments but also with key U.S. allies gives reasons to focus the attention on its foreign policy objectives. The convincing argument for this is the fact that since its foundation in 1949 the PRC has greatly changed its foreign policy having shifted from the Mao Zedongâ⠂¬â„¢s policy of â€Å"self-reliance† to deep and wide multinational relations. Already in 1978, two years after Mao’s death China actively started looking for foreign presence, investments and technologies. Since 2000 China’s diplomacy became particularly sophisticated and active (Ellis, 2004). China’s â€Å"New Security Concept† This report would not be complete without mentioning some important changes in security policy of China. China’s politicians stress that in post-Cold War world the PRC’s security policy is based on â€Å"mutual trust, mutual equality, and cooperation†. Accordingly, today China does its best to assure the world that its economy, international development and military potential do not threaten to other countries and serve to balance the power of the USA (Goldstein, 2005). It is difficult to define the PRC’s security policy precisely; it neither spreads its ideology, nor aggressively demands for n ew territories. However, it is undoubtedly that it represents a challenge to policymakers of the USA and raises many unanswered questions: does China’s global activity have a pragmatic strategy or it is just aimed to achieve economic advantages? Does China intend to replace the USA as a global power or it just focuses on internal development? Does China feel confident and strong or uncertain and weak? The â€Å"Soft Power† Concept First the term of â€Å"soft power† was used by Harvard professor Joseph S. Nye, Jr. as opposite to â€Å"

Women in business nowadays and the past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women in business nowadays and the past - Essay Example Stereotyping against women is a common trait around the business world. Yet, everybody should realize that a woman is in no way inferior to man and she can very well handle the pressures and stressful life of the business. Handling a family with the work is no easy job and many women in today's age are not just balancing work and family life, rather they are integrating it. The business world is getting infused with a diverse workforce day by day. The trend towards being an equal opportunity employer is rising. More and more women are being hired in today's corporate world. And the differences between men and women are being sorted out as women take on as many as 25% of top level managerial posts in successful organizations. Therefore, the composition of males and females in the workforce of a typical organization has changed. Yet men still possess a significant amount of decision making in their hands. Whether it is the power to hire and fire or to access financial resources, men are always given the advantage over women. But if businesses are to reach their highest potential, they need to make full use of women by accepting the fact that they are different from men and are not inferior to them in any way.1 Approaches to conflict: When it comes to a conflict, men usually consider it a healthy process and they use logic, bargaining and even anger to resolve it. Whereas, on the other hand, women tends to focus on the affective part by understanding each others feelings in a conflict. For women, conflict is undesirable and damaging in many ways. They have a negative view point of conflict and therefore, they would like to get it solved without exaggerating it thereby using less direct approaches. Research also suggests that men will tend to go for riskier solutions when it comes to resolution of conflict. Supervision and leadership styles: although leadership styles would look pretty similar on the core, they are quite different. Research has found that women tend to treat their subordinates more as colleagues than the men and women also encourage the participation of everyone in a decision making process. Men, in such positions, will go for a less collaborative style, and will give more directions and tend to be more dominating too. Relationship with others is an integral part of women's leadership styles than for men. A woman also tries to build a sense of community in the place where she is the leader, unlike men. Working in teams: men and women think differently in terms of what needs to be communicated when a team is in action. Women put a lot of importance to these team characteristics: competence, respect, fairness, knowledge of team member's roles, and team members should also provide extra help and support to each other when needed. Whereas, men do not place much importance on these characteristics. The Role of Women in the Society Women, more or less, assume a particular cultural and gender role that they have to fulfill. In pre-historic times, the women of the family used to help the man in doing whatever business they did out of the farms or by doing agriculture. The women used to gather products like fish or learn to